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- <text id=91TT2487>
- <title>
- Nov. 04, 1991: Hot Air at The Earth Summit?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Nov. 04, 1991 The New Age of Alternative Medicine
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 77
- Hot Air at The Earth Summit?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>As the U.S. stonewalls a Rio meeting, citizens offer a planet-
- saving proposal
- </p>
- <p>By Eugene Linden
- </p>
- <p> Over the next few months, delicate negotiations will
- determine whether the world's largest environmental meeting will
- produce real progress in saving the planet from man-made ruin.
- Or whether the session will merely add to global warming with
- hot-air emissions from about 100,000 parliamentarians, religious
- leaders, environmentalists and heads of state.
- </p>
- <p> The occasion is the United Nations Conference on Environment
- and Development, to be held in Rio de Janeiro next June. For two
- years, international committees have been hashing out a
- declaration of principles for the so-called Earth Summit. The
- bureaucrats have also been negotiating an ecologically sound
- agenda for the 21st century and a series of proposed agreements
- on the control of climate change, respect for biodiversity and a
- slowing of deforestation. But as the final negotiating sessions
- approach, U.S. intransigence on key issues means the summit may
- turn into little more than a biodegradable photo opportunity for
- heads of state.
- </p>
- <p> The stakes are high. With carbon dioxide levels in the
- atmosphere 25% above those in the 18th century, many
- environmentalists fear that the world is already too late in
- coming to grips with the still unknown effects of global climate
- change caused by emissions of so-called greenhouse gases. Says
- Maurice Strong, secretary-general of UNCED: "This conference is
- an opportunity that may not occur again in our lifetime. When,
- if not at Rio, will we address these problems?"
- </p>
- <p> He might ask the Bush Administration. The U.S. is
- resisting pressure from the European Community and Japan to use
- the Rio conference as a forum to set targets and timetables for
- the reduction of warming gases, among other things. It has also
- resisted pressure to commit new funds so that developing
- economies can grow without destroying precious ecosystems.
- Washington's posture stands in contrast to the leadership the
- U.S. exercised in 1972 at the U.N. Conference on the Human
- Environment in Stockholm, which first established the
- environment as an area of international cooperation. Now, says
- James Gustave Speth, president of the Washington-based World
- Resources Institute, "our government is not accepting the
- responsibilities that come with the world's largest economy."
- </p>
- <p> This week Speth's institute will publish a "Compact for a
- New World," a proposed model for a way rich and poor nations
- might come to mutually beneficial agreements in Rio on the
- environment and development. Meeting in Washington last June,
- a group of activists, businessmen and politicians agreed that
- poorer southern nations would have an easier time accepting
- unpalatable initiatives on population stabilization, climate
- change and deforestation in return for a substantial quid pro
- quo. Its elements: debt forgiveness, direct financial aid to
- help end poverty, and technical help to reduce the poor nations'
- role in global environmental problems.
- </p>
- <p> This type of north-south bargain is also what the Rio
- conference should be all about. But while the U.S. seems to
- treat Rio's emerging suite of agreements as a threat, other
- industrial nations see the Earth Summit as an opportunity. MITI,
- Japan's powerful Ministry of International Trade and Industry,
- is developing a 100-year plan to make Japan dominant in
- eco-technologies; Tokyo is also said to be pondering ways to
- become the world leader in environmental reform.
- </p>
- <p> Many conservationists believe the prospect of lost
- opportunities in the global marketplace will eventually persuade
- the Bush Administration to be more forthcoming. But what will
- emerge from the Rio deliberations is still very much up in the
- air. Barbara Bramble, an official at the National Wildlife
- Federation, argues that even if the Earth Summit produces
- toothless principles, it will still have the effect of shaping
- environmental agendas for everybody, from the U.N. to ordinary
- citizens groups. The question is whether the bureaucratic
- timetable and that of the biosphere will match up.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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